Sir Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) was a philosopher, poet, and politician who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. He wrote primarily in Urdu and Persian, focusing on themes of Islamic philosophy, selfhood (Khudi), and the revival of the Muslim world. He studied law and philosophy in Europe and was knighted by King George V in 1922. His philosophical work, especially ‘The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam’, profoundly influenced modern Islamic intellectual history.